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September 2, 2009

How to manage H1N1 flu at day care?

Posted: 03:10 PM ET

By Caleb Hellerman
CNN Medical Senior Producer

We're still waiting on federal guidelines for how day care centers and preschools should handle the H1N1 flu virus. They were promised last week, but the date has slipped amid behind-the-scenes debate over how far the guidance should go: Should they match the advice for K-12 schools, which say that students who are out sick can come back after just 24 hours without a fever? Or should the day care guidance be more restrictive, since young kids are more prone to complications – and tend to transmit more virus?

In the meantime, I’m watching the debate play out in miniature at the pre-school of my 3-year-old daughter and 15-month-old son. As it happens, my wife helps research flu guidance for the CDC, as do two other parents at the preschool. They helped write a preparedness plan for the school, which goes well beyond the CDC's guidance for K-12 schools – and is stronger than the basic advice the federal government is currently considering for daycares.

My wife and her colleagues recommended that students who are sick with respiratory symptoms stay away for at least seven days. One of them, a senior CDC flu scientist, told me that children with H1N1 typically shed virus – i.e., it's in their mucous and other secretions – for five to 10 days. She said that fits with published research on other flu strains, showing that young children often shed virus for seven days or even longer.

But the head of the school is pushing back. She’s OK with a seven-day restriction for toddlers, but wants it at five days for 3- to 6-year olds, and “24-hours fever-free” – the CDC’s K-12 guideline – for elementary-school-age students. More than that would be too hard on parents, she says. My wife and her friends want to include a warning that the rules are not meant to stop the spread of flu.

In the midst of all this, I talked with Dr. D.A. Henderson of the Center for Biosecurity, who oversaw the CDC's response to the global flu pandemic of 1957. He thinks the guidance to date has been too intrusive – that keeping sick students home longer than usual won't stop the spread of H1N1 and would lead to serious disruptions – including a shortage of health care workers staying home with their kids.

No easy answers, and a lot of disagreement, even among medical professionals. Just one more example: Yesterday, Dr. Sanjay Gupta visited a doctor at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, who reminded us that for most people, even young children, H1N1 is not likely to cause more than passing symptoms. Dr. Jim Fortenberry said that parents should not bring their kids to the ER unless they seem dehydrated, are younger than 12 weeks, have fever for three days or have a fever that returns after being gone for 12-24 hours. That's all well and good, but he didn’t mention CDC guidance – which says that people in high-risk groups (including children younger than 5, as well as pregnant women and people with medical conditions such as asthma) – who have flu-like symptoms (fever higher than 100 PLUS a cough or sore throat) – should take antiviral medication right away, as a precaution. If you’ve got a child with those symptoms, you don’t have to go to the ER, but do call your doctor right away.

The head of my preschool wants to finalize and send out guidelines by tomorrow. As of now, she and the parents on the health committee have to make their decision without official CDC guidance.

Are you a parent? Have you received guidance from your child's day care on what to do if your child becomes ill?

Editor's Note: Medical news is a popular but sensitive subject rooted in science. We receive many comments on this blog each day; not all are posted. Our hope is that much will be learned from the sharing of useful information and personal experiences based on the medical and health topics of the blog. We encourage you to focus your comments on those medical and health topics and we appreciate your input. Thank you for your participation.

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Filed under: Children's Health • Flu • Germs • H1N1 Flu • Health • Parenting


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Alex Lickerman, M.D.   September 2nd, 2009 3:46 pm ET

I'm a parent of an 18-month old who just started daycare and I'm quite concerned. One strategy that I haven't seen mentioned that might be useful would be to pull your kids out of school (and yourself out of work) during the prodrome phase of a viral illness (viral infections, whether run-of-the-mill or influenza, tend to be preceeded by 24 hours or so of generally not feeling well without specific symptoms, called a prodrome). Most of us wait to socially isolate ourselves or our children until we have full-blown symptoms, but we're probably contagious during the prodrome phase (and possibly even slightly before). To alter our behavior in the era of H1N1 and socially isolate ourselves and our children (if we're able to tell they're prodromal) might cut down on our infectivity of others and conceivably diminish the spread of H1N1. Of course, you might be isolating yourself for a run-of-the-mill virus, but let's remember seasonal flu does kill people (though a small percentage).

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Stephanie   September 2nd, 2009 8:27 pm ET

I am a nurse in one of the schools in the metro Atlanta area school system. Everyday parents are sending their children to school sick. On top of this the children are given fever reducer medication to temporary break the fever. But it only works for a few hours. Then the fever goes back up. Parents have been told to keep the children at home at least 24 hours after the fever breaks without medication. Please get the word out about how important it is to stay at home with a high fever. There are at least 25 to 40 children coming into the clinic everyday sick. and the school year has just begun.

Heather   September 3rd, 2009 7:24 pm ET

i want employers to be more understanding if a worker/parent has a child sick. The employers should make sure that their employees don't feel their job is in jeopardy if that have to stay home with a sick child. I work in a school system and parents send their children to school sick because they are afraid to miss work. This is serious stuff we are dealing with(H1N1) and it is not fair to my child who may be well and sits beside a student who is at school sick because mom or dad can't miss work because they are at risk of losing their job. This is a time that everyone needs to be understanding of the situations that are going to be dealt during this flu season. And parents need to keep their children at home if they think their child is sick many times kids will say I am o.k. because they don't want to miss out on something at school but think about how you want your child treated if they are well and going to school you don't want them to be ecposed if they don't have to be.

Tiffany   September 3rd, 2009 8:04 pm ET

My concern is that I am getting VERY mixed messages from the media...on one hand, I hear this virus is causing very mild illness and most people will only have passing symptoms...on the other hand, i just read an article which said that if you are in a risk group, you should RUSH to the ER right away...I understand this virus is a concern for everyone but some of these articles are stirring up premature panic...if people would only use common sense (ex: washing hands, sneezing/coughing into your elbow, stay at home when not feeling well) we could drastically curb the spread of this virus....there is no need to cause panic, just use your head and hopefully you won't get sick!

ReadyMom   September 5th, 2009 12:44 am ET

To Tiffany:

Unfortunately,the term 'mild' for this 2009 H1N1 [swine] flu virus has a broad definition. I hope the good doctor chimes in on this.

For the most part, this virus IS mild. Unfortunately, there are cases that are very serious and intense medical care has been needed. Underlying health conditions for some has caused serious complications and for some death. The CDC has listed 'Emergency Warning Signs to watch for: (Source: http://www.cdc.gov/H1N1flu/qa.htm )

In children, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

* Fast breathing or trouble breathing
* Bluish or gray skin color
* Not drinking enough fluids
* Severe or persistent vomiting
* Not waking up or not interacting
* Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
* Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough

In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:

* Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
* Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
* Sudden dizziness
* Confusion
* Severe or persistent vomiting
* Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough
-------------
Pregnant women are also in the high risk category and should take care as the virus circulates through their area. Yes, common sense should help you get through this 2nd pandemic flu wave, but it's not a guarantee and you should not count on 'hopefully'.

dee   September 13th, 2009 10:20 am ET

I agree with Stephanie. Two of my children got the H1N1 flu and they go to different schools. I always keep my children home when they are sick. I spoke to school nurses at both of their school and was told parents are still sending their children to school sick. My husband said that with the economy being so rough that many parents don't want to take a day off to care for their child. Instead they would rather take a chance sending them to school. As parents we have a responsibility. I'll be keeping my children home for a minimum of two weeks until they recover and taking them back to the pediatrician before they return to school.

jasmin   October 26th, 2009 9:27 pm ET

i agree with Heather, i was offer to change my shift from 7am to 3pm to 3pm -11pm and i told them i know money is tight but my daughter comes first. the money will always be there but, if my daughter gets worst and i'm not there i will regret and won't live in peace. and i also agree with stephaine i will stay with my daughter until she is clear and she sees her pediatrician.Before they return to school.

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Medical news is a popular but sensitive subject rooted in science. We receive many comments on this blog each day; not all are posted. Our hope is that much will be learned from the sharing of useful information and personal experiences based on the medical and health topics of the blog. We encourage you to focus your comments on those medical and health topics and we appreciate your input. Thank you for your participation.

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